Fabrication and characterization of nanotemplated carbon monolithic material.

A novel hierarchical nanotemplated carbon monolithic rod (NTCM) was prepared using a novel facile nanotemplating approach. The NTCM was obtained using C60-fullerene modified silica gels as hard templates, which were embedded in a phenolic resin containing a metal catalyst for localized graphitization, followed by bulk carbonization, and template and catalyst removal. TEM, SEM, and BET measurements revealed that NTCM possessed an integrated open hierarchical porous structure, with a trimodal pore distribution. This porous material also possessed a high mesopore volume and narrow mesopore size distribution. During the course of carbonization, the C60 conjugated to aminated silica was partly decomposed, leading to the formation of micropores. The Raman signature of NTCM was very similar to that of multiwalled carbon nanotubes as exemplified by three major peaks as commonly observed for other carbon materials, i.e., the sp3 and sp2 carbon phases coexisted in the sample. Surface area measurements were obtained using both nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET) and with a methylene blue binding assay, with BET results showing the NTCM material possessed an average specific surface area of 435 m2 g(-1), compared to an area of 372 m2 g(-1) obtained using the methylene blue assay. Electrochemical studies using NTCM modified glassy carbon or boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes displayed quasi-reversible oxidation/reduction with ferricyanide. In addition, the BDD electrode modified with NTCM was able to detect hydrogen peroxide with a detection limit of below 300 nM, whereas the pristine BDD electrode was not responsive to this target compound.